Packing.



J. HAHN.

PACKING.

uBLIcA-.Tlplg FILED 1,511.10, 1911.

Patented July 22, 1913.

JOHN HAHN, UJF LOS ANGELES, CALEUFORNIA.

PACKING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed. January 10, 1911.

Patented July 22, ibid. serial no. 601.877.

To all 11i/0m it may concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN HAHN, a citizen of the United Stat-es, residing at Los finn goles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented and discovered a new and useful Packing, of which the following is a specification.

rllhe object of this invent-ion is to provide a superior non-heating, easily applied and homogeneous packing for reciprocatory and rotary parts2 such as pistons and piston rods of engines and other kinds of inachiiiery.

Natural vegetable structuresheretofore in use packings are deficient in pliability, hardness and toughness and have a comparatively low degree of absorptive and retentive power so that. such packings heat and consequently carbonize and rapidly disinteg 'ate llt has been proposed to use artificial structures of woody fiber and asbestos in a surrounding flexible case, but such artificial structures besides being more expensive to produce than natural vegetable structures are subjected to more or less rapid disintegration because of the non-homogeneity of such artificial structures.

Packings heretofore known were manufactured from wood and wood is formed of Xylein fibers or in other words those vegetable structures having a large amount of incrusting matter on the fibers of t-he structure as is evidenced by the fac-t that such incrusting-matter had to be removed by high pressure steam in order to obtain elasticity of the packing. lt is obvious that vegetable structures composing such steamtreated packings must have contained substantially straight, parallel fibers since the incrusting-mat-ter is most prominent in those structures and that such arrangement of the fibers would not produce requisite resiliency of the packing so as to contract at all points upon the body against which the l'iacking is placed.

l have discovered that, in ordei to obtain .requisite resiliency and pliability of the packing,y the packing must be composed of resilient fibers arranged other than straight and parallel, and that the resilient fibers should preferably be interlaced in all directions as for instance in the Yucca bren/folta, which the best-known example of such naturally interlaced bast fibers; and that by filling the interstices of such a structure with lubricant such as hereinafter set forth,

vhave discovered that the stems of Yucca Mea/folic which contain and in fact are practically entirely formed of bast fiber uniformly distributed from center to circumference of the tree stem and uninterrupted by pithy portions such as are usual in tree stems rich in bast fiber, will form durable, one or two-piece7 non-heating and pliable packing` capable of being treated and associatedwith a filler, so as to conserve and greatly increase the natural hardness, toughness and pliability of its interlacing fibers and so as to retain its absorbent nature to form a goed lubricant holder. Such treatment and fillers may be various to meet the particular service to which the packing is to be subjected and consequent-ly l do not limit myself to the particularized formulae hereinafter set forth.

Packings made in accordance with the broad scope of this invention will not disintegrate as is the case with packings made of artificial combinations employing vegetable and mineral fibers; and are non-heating, consequently they do not require the addition of asbestos, or other mineral fibers and the like to protect the vegetable fiber; and the hardness and porosity of such treated and filled vegetable fiber having its natural structure results in the production of a uniform and perfectly lubricated bear ing surface subjected to but slight wear. rlhe invention in this perfected form is also valuable for many kinds of bodies subjected to wear, such for instance, as floor coverings.

The invention is capable of use in various ways and illustration of all such ways will not be attempted.

Reference is made to the accompanying drawings. i

Figure 1 is a view of a pump rod stuffing box provided with this newly invented packing, in place on the polishingrod of an oil Vis pump. Fig. 2 is a plan section of the same on line x2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the packing shown in Fig. 1 detached. Fig. /1 is a perspective view of another' form of packing. Fig. 5 is a plan view of packing for use between a shaft and its boxing. Fig. 6 is a fragniental view of packing made in accordance with this invention and adapted for a slide or for other uses where flat packing may beemployed. F ig. 7 is a fragmental perspective view of a packing sleeve made in accordance with this invention and adapted for use as a Huid packing sleeve for deep well pumps.

I have discovered that by satiu'ating the natural vegetable structure of Yucca brevifclt'a with a lubricating material said structure becomes a superior material for resisting the effects of friction and wear, and that. the same is superior not only for the bearings of journal boxes, but also as' packing for stuffing boxes and pumps. In some instances, the vegetable structure may be saturated with a very light lubricant, as for instance, by the steam from the cylinder of a steam engine where the Yucca l'nevifoz'a,y

is applied as a packing around the piston rod of such engine. In other instances, the lubricating filling may be water, as around the polishing rod of a `water pump; or around the shaft of a centrifugal pump. In other instances, the lubricant may be oil, as in case where vthe packing is employed around the polishing rod of an oil pump. In other instances, the lubricant may be hard, solid material that forms a ller for the interstices of the nat-ural structure of the Y ucca brcfvz'fcha, said filler being capable of application in fluid form. The lubricantwhich I haveused for this purpose is chlorid of calcium and the packing containing the same preferably made by immersing the Yucca brevi/:ola in a 10% solution of chlorid of calcium for half an hour, moreor less, then allowing to dry; and then staining by immersing the body in creosote for five minutes, more or less. This form of lubricant is practically water, steam, air and heat and rust proof, and the Yucca brac/folta containing the filler thus provided is very hard but flexible and has great wear-resisting qualit-ies. A stronger or weaker solution of calcium chlorid may be used within the judgment of the manufacturer.

In carrying out this invention foresome uses and to increasel the strength andlflexibility of the. packing sheets 0r bodies I cement veneers of Yucca brcm'folz'atogether, sometimes introducing a layer of canvas or other fabric between the layers of yYucca bv'cvz'folz'a. 4The cement which I use is pref i erably made of glue of a very clear quality,

fish glue preferred, and silicate of soda com- Abined practically in proportions as follows Boil'one-half pound of glue in one quart of water until the glue is dissolved, then add to the hot glue solutio-if ounces of silicate of soda. T lie cement thus formed is applied while hot to the surfaces to be united and is allowed to set for twenty-four hours, more or less. After the layers of Yucca brcvz'fclz'a, either with or without the canvas, have thus been united and set, the sheet or body thus formed may then be treated with the chlorid of calcium and may then be stained with creosote as above directed.

Referring now to the drawings: in Figs. 1 and 2, 1 designates a packing body reversely tapering 'from the middle and made of Yucca brevi/ola saturated to a greater or less extent with crude hydrocarbon oil, a body 2 of which is shown in one of t-he members 3, Lil, of the st-ufing box which members are screwed together around the body 1, that is applied to the polishing rod 5 of an oil pump, and is provided with a spring band 6 of steel or other suitable material that fastens together the segments a, b, of the packing bodyg-saidband being let into a notch 7 cut around the packing body.

In the form of packing shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the packing sleeve is madein two sections a, b, which fit inside the conical chambers formed by the members 3, f1; and the wire band 6, which is of resilient material, is applied in the central peripheral groove 7 between the conical chambers to hold the parts together and compress them upon the polishing rod 5.

In the form shown in Fig 4t a dovetailed segment 9 ts in a slot 10 that is wide enough to receive the polishing rod, or other rod or shaft, to which the packing is applied; the main body 11 of the packing being a slotted cylinder of Yucca brem'foh'a. I In Fig. 5 two segments 12, 18, built up of layers c, d, and e united by cement j is employed.

In Fig. 6 a two layers g,

flat body is shown formed of h, of Yucca brcoz'folia and an intermediate layer i of a fibrous fabric as canvas, asbestos, or the like, all being filled with a calcium chlorid solution of about 10% strength more or less, substantially as stated; the whole also being saturated with a hydrocarbon, such as creosote.

In Fig. 7 the inner layer y' is of Yucca rcvfclz'a, the intermediate layer 7c is-of canvas and the outer layer u is of Yucca brcvfolz'a; vthe several layers are 'cemented together by cement f and are filled with calcium chlorid solution and saturated with creosote. I

The sleeve here shown is designed. t0 serve as a flexible fluid packing for the pistons of plunger pumps and the-canvas is exposed for a short dist-ance at each end for the purpose of binding the sleeve to the metal portions of the piston, not shown.

lto sever as few bers as possible.

noeaaav' llt is understood that it 1s preferable to lill the porous l/wcca: brem'folz'a. structure with a 'permanent heat resisting ller as calcium c lorid, but l do not limit myself to such a ller and l may use other known fillers which may serve the purpose of the calcium chlorid filler, and substitutes for the creosote may be employed without departing from the broad spirit of this invention.

While lf. have specified a cement that serves the purpose in the best manner at present known to me, lf do not limit myself' to the use of the specific cement stated.

lfn order to conserve to a maximum degree the interlacing lnature of the fibers o, the vegetable structure of the Yucca breviffolz'ais carefully cut ina plane substantially parallel to the general trendof theJ fibers so as lt is understood that the Vegetable structure so out may be used without the addition of a filler, the liquid inthe apparatus with which the vegetable structure 1s used readilyflowing into and filling the interstices formed by the fibers o thus lubricating the fibers and 'producing great vflexibility of the entire vegetable structure.

1.- A body of the character described com-, prising vegetable structure having interlaced fibers, said vegetable structure being cut in a plane parallel to the general trend of the fibers so as to conserve to a maximum degree the interlacing nature of the fibers.

2. A body composed of layers of interlaced ve 'etable fibers cemented together.

3. A ody composed of layers of naturally interlaced vegetable fibers and canvas cemented together.

4f. A body composed of layers of natural interlaced Vegetable fibers and canvas cemented together, anda hydrocarbon filler.

5. A packing body composed of layers of natural interlaced Vegetable fibers and canvas cemented together, and a filler of calcium chlorid. y

6. A packing sleeve composed of layers of natural interlaced vegetable fibers and canvas cemented together, and a filler of calcium chlorid; said sleevezbeing saturated with ahydrocarbon. Y l

7. A. packing body composed of interlaced vegetable fibers land formed in sections tapering toward their ends, and members forming conical chambers to compress the sections together.

ln testimony whereof, l have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this llth day of' January 1911.

' JOHN HAHN.

In presence of JAMES R. TowNsEND, L. BELLE RICE. 

